OBJUI

通过 Docker 容器化技术，轻松部署 PHP 运行环境（支持 PHP-FPM、Nginx/Apache、MySQL、Redis 等），实现开发、测试与生产环境的一致性。本文提供 Dockerfile 与 docker-compose.yml 配置模板，涵盖依赖安装、服务编排、多容器通信及持久化数据管理，帮助开发者快速构建高可用且可扩展的 PHP 应用环境，告别“本地正常，线上报错”的兼容性问题。适用于 Laravel、ThinkPHP 等框架项目的一键部署。

目录结构

your-project/
├── Dockerfile
├── nginx.conf
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .dockerignore
└── (其他项目文件)

Dockerfile

# 第一阶段：构建依赖
FROM php:8.2-fpm AS builder

# 安装系统依赖
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y     git     unzip     libzip-dev     zlib1g-dev     libpng-dev     libjpeg62-turbo-dev  
    libfreetype6-dev   
    libonig-dev     libxml2-dev     libpq-dev

# 配置并安装 GD 扩展（启用 FreeType 和 JPEG）
RUN docker-php-ext-configure gd     --with-freetype   
    --with-jpeg   

RUN docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc)     gd        
    zip     pdo_mysql     mbstring     exif     pcntl

# 安装 Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# 复制项目文件
COPY ./app/ /var/www/html
WORKDIR /var/www/html

# 安装生产依赖
RUN composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader --no-interaction

# 第二阶段：运行环境
FROM php:8.2-fpm

# 从构建阶段复制必要文件
COPY --from=builder /var/www/html /var/www/html

# 设置权限 (www-data 用户需要访问宿主机文件)
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html     && chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/runtime     && usermod -u 1000 www-data  # 使容器用户ID与宿主机用户一致

docker-compose.yml

services:
  php:
    build: 
      context: .
      target: builder # 锁定构建阶段
    volumes:
      # 仅挂载开发需要的目录（生产环境应去掉挂载）
      - ./app/app:/var/www/html/app
      - ./app/config:/var/www/html/config
      - ./app/public:/var/www/html/public
    networks:
      - app-network
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis

  mysql:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
      MYSQL_DATABASE: db_app
      MYSQL_USER: user 
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: 123456
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:
      # 仅挂载必要文件（生产环境应直接使用镜像内文件）
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
      - ./app/public:/var/www/html/public
    networks:
      - app-network
    depends_on:
      - php

  redis:
    image: redis:alpine
    command: redis-server --requirepass 123456
    networks:
      - app-network
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  mysql_data:

nginx.conf

server {
   listen 80;
    server_name api.qydev.dev;
    
    # 重点：指向 public 目录
    root /var/www/html/public;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    location / {
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;
            break;
        }
    }

    location ~ .php($|/) {
        fastcgi_pass php:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
    }

    location ~ /.ht {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~* .(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
    }
}

.dockerignore

vendor/
.env
runtime/
*.log

进入根目录安装运行

docker-compose